August 2026 was the joint warmest month ever recorded, tying with July 2023, as global temperatures reached 1.65°C above the estimated pre-industrial level, according to the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S).
The month was the first since November 2025 in which the global average surface air temperature exceeded 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels.
The new figures also point to exceptional warming of the oceans. Average sea surface temperatures over the extra-polar oceans reached a record high for August, tying with March 2024. The highest daily global sea surface temperature ever recorded was also reached in August, at 21.11°C.
C3S, which is implemented by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), attributed the warming to human-driven climate change caused by the continued burning of fossil fuels, combined with rapidly rising sea temperatures in the equatorial Pacific linked to strong El Niño conditions.
The warming Pacific is already influencing conditions on land. In Indonesia, the combination of hot and dry conditions has contributed to an environment favourable for the intensification of seasonal wildfires, according to the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service.
Europe also experienced an exceptional summer.
Western Europe recorded its warmest summer on record, surpassing the previous record set in 2003. Heatwaves continued into August after an extended period of extreme heat that began in May.
Dry conditions affected large parts of western, central and eastern Europe, with severe drought reported in France, the United Kingdom, Hungary, Romania and Serbia. Several major rivers, including the Rhine, Danube, Southern Bug and Dnieper, recorded exceptionally low flows.
Samantha Burgess, Strategic Lead for Climate at ECMWF, said the latest figures show how climate change is increasingly driving extremes across the atmosphere and oceans.
“August 2026 was a remarkable month in the global climate record,” Burgess said. She noted that the combination of record global temperatures, exceptionally warm oceans and western Europe’s warmest summer on record was increasingly affecting communities, economies and ecosystems.
The August figures come as scientists continue to monitor the developing El Niño conditions in the tropical Pacific and their potential effects on temperatures and extreme weather around the world.
Source: Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), implemented by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), September 2026. Data source: ERA5.